Abstract

The multi-VM (Virtual Machine) architecture is rapidly becoming the go-to solution for addressing blockchain’s scalability and performance challenges, driving deeper integration across on-chain ecosystems. Mango Network, an innovative omnichain infrastructure, leverages the strengths of OPStack and MoveVM to create a highly efficient blockchain that supports seamless cross-chain communication and multi-VM interoperability. With its enhanced compatibility, scalability, multi-chain operability, and developer-friendly design, Mango Network is gaining strong market traction and is poised to play a key role in the future of blockchain innovation.

Multi-VM Architecture: The Rising Star in the Blockchain Industry

Amid the excitement of the Singapore Token2049 event, the blockchain industry is undergoing significant reflection and transformation. While the “thousands of chains” trend has captured the industry’s attention, the growing complexity and diversification of decentralized applications (dApps) have highlighted the urgent need to break down barriers between blockchain ecosystems and enhance cross-chain compatibility. Today, “compatibility” has overtaken “high performance” as the key challenge in developing on-chain ecosystems.

For years, many blockchain institutions have viewed parallel execution (parallel EVM) as the solution to boosting network performance. Projects like Artela, MegaETH, and Sei have focused on increasing throughput and transaction processing to drive new application adoption. These parallel EVM networks excel in high-transaction environments, particularly in performance-intensive applications like DeFi and DEX.

However, as the blockchain ecosystem diversifies, mere performance improvements no longer meet the industry's needs. The future of the on-chain ecosystem depends not only on improving transaction processing capacity but also on enhancing ecosystem compatibility, especially in complex cross-chain and multi-chain environments.

As cross-chain interaction and interoperability become increasingly critical, the multi-VM (Virtual Machine) architecture is emerging as a pivotal technology. Its flexibility and adaptability across various ecosystems position it as a solution to the industry’s pressing challenges. With the rapid expansion of on-chain applications, the multi-VM architecture is taking center stage in the L1 sector, driving innovation and opening up new opportunities in the blockchain ecosystem. This marks a major shift in the industry’s focus--away from just “high performance” towards “comprehensive ecosystem integration“, with the multi-VM architecture at the heart of this transformation.

In this landscape, the multi-VM approach is gaining widespread attention and adoption, thanks to its diverse technical advantages. By supporting multiple virtual machines (such as EVM, MoveVM, and WASM), it provides developers with more tools and flexibility, while significantly lowering development barriers. This inclusivity attracts developers from various technical backgrounds, enhancing scalability and interoperability. Notably, the architecture facilitates interactions between heterogeneous chains, bridging gaps between different blockchains and boosting on-chain liquidity flow.

Multi-VM projects like Mango Network harness the strengths of OPStack and MoveVM to create a cross-chain communication network that supports seamless multi-VM interoperability. This breakthrough not only enhances platform scalability but also fosters interoperability between heterogeneous chains, resolving the persistent issue of fragmented on-chain capital liquidity.

In today’s blockchain landscape, efficient ecosystem integration is vital for the development of cross-chain applications. By supporting multiple smart contract languages and virtual machines, multi-VM projects dismantle the technical barriers that divide different blockchain ecosystems, offering dApps greater flexibility and innovation potential. For large-scale dApps, compatibility is a critical factor in ensuring success. This enhanced compatibility will not only fuel sustainable growth in the blockchain ecosystem but also pave the way for more groundbreaking applications. As the market continues to mature, the multi-VM architecture is poised to play a pivotal role in the competition within the L1 space, becoming a core driving force for the next wave of blockchain technology innovation.

Mango: An Outstanding Multi-VM Omni-Chain Infrastructure Network

Mango Network's Layer 1 solution, supported by the Move language, provides developers and users with a secure, modular, and high-performance Web3 infrastructure. It boasts a transaction processing speed of up to 297,450 TPS (transactions per second), showcasing exceptional performance while maintaining high standards of scalability and interoperability.

Mango Network Devnet Up to 297.45K TPS

Mango Network’s Layer 2 solution, OP-Mango, is built on OPStack and provides strong cross-chain communication capabilities, distinguishing it from traditional Layer 2 solutions. Through cross-chain communication contracts, it connects the EVM layer of the Ethereum network with the MoveVM layer of the Mango network. This design allows developers to leverage the advantages of both virtual machines, expanding application scenarios and offering users more comprehensive services. Mango Network combines the MoveVM and EVM to achieve cross-chain communication and multi-VM interoperability, driving innovation in blockchain infrastructure.

Mango Network：Multi-VM Omnichain Infrastructure Network

Core Technology Principles of Mango Network's Multi-VM Omni-Chain Infrastructure

1. Multi-VM Parallel Execution Principle

Mango Network handles on-chain transactions and smart contract calls using both the MoveVM and EVM virtual machines. Each VM is responsible for different types of contracts and operations, but they are bridged through cross-chain communication, enabling coordinated omnichian operations.

a) MoveVM: Specializes in asset management, complex contract logic, and parallel execution. MoveVM dynamically schedules transactions based on their state dependencies, ensuring non-conflicting transactions can be processed simultaneously. This improves both transaction throughput and overall execution efficiency.

b) EVM: As the core virtual machine in the Ethereum ecosystem, EVM is widely compatible with smart contracts. When integrated with OP-Mango, EVM can transmit its transaction and contract events to MoveVM for processing, enabling cross-chain contract invocation.

2. Cross-VM Communication and Data Transfer Principle

One of the core challenges in multi-VM infrastructure is facilitating data sharing and contract execution between different virtual machines. Mango Network addresses this by employing the OP-Mango communication protocol to bridge the EVM and MoveVM, enabling seamless cross-VM collaboration and communication.

Key steps in cross-VM communication:

a) Event Capture: When a smart contract within a virtual machine triggers an event (such as asset transfer or contract execution), the cross-chain sequencer captures the event. The sequencer is responsible for monitoring state changes within the VMs.

b) Data Serialization and Transfer: The captured event is serialized, converting the data into a format that can be recognized and processed by the other virtual machine. OP-Mango ensures that event data from EVM can be converted into a format that MoveVM can process, triggering the relevant contract execution on MoveVM.

c) Contract Invocation: The ultimate goal of cross-chain communication is to facilitate contract invocation between virtual machines. Using cross-chain event transfer, smart contracts in both EVM and MoveVM can call each other’s functions, allowing for complete execution of cross-chain logic. For example, when a contract on EVM completes a transaction, MoveVM can receive the event and execute a corresponding operation.

3. Layer 2 Scalability and Batch Processing Principle

To improve transaction processing efficiency, OP-Mango adopts a Layer 2 scaling solution that processes a large number of transactions off-chain and periodically submits them to the mainnet for settlement. This architecture is based on the following technical principles:

a) Batch Processing and Assertion: OP-Mango packages Layer 2 transactions into batches and submits them in bulk to the Ethereum mainnet to reduce network congestion. Each transaction batch contains multiple state changes and assertions. After submission to the Ethereum mainnet, MoveVM performs the final validation and settlement within the Mango Network.

b) Assertion and Dispute Resolution Mechanism: To ensure the security of cross-chain transactions, OP-Mango introduces an assertion mechanism. An assertion is a proof of a series of transaction states, and if no disputes are raised after its submission, the transaction is confirmed. If disputes arise, the network can resolve them by verifying the evidence on-chain, ensuring the security and consistency of cross-chain transactions.

4. Cross-Chain Asset Management Principle

Cross-chain asset management in Mango Network relies heavily on the interoperability between EVM and MoveVM, ensuring the secure transfer and settlement of assets across chains. The core principles are as follows:

a) State Synchronization and Transfer: Cross-chain asset transfers are facilitated by OP-Mango, which synchronizes state changes between the EVM and MoveVM. When asset operations are executed on EVM, they are serialized and transmitted to MoveVM, which updates the asset state accordingly, completing the transfer from EVM to MoveVM.

b) Bidirectional Settlement: Asset transfers and settlements are bidirectional, meaning assets can be transferred from EVM to MoveVM and vice versa. The cross-chain sequencer ensures the synchronization of state changes between the two virtual machines, securing the consistency of transaction data across chains.

Core Functionality: The Internal Logic of Mango Network

OP-Mango, as a Layer 2 network based on OPStack, utilizes EVM compatibility to handle user transaction requests. Users can submit transactions and query block data through nodes. OP-Mango nodes pull secure transaction data from Ethereum’s Layer 1 network and broadcast it through a peer-to-peer network, ensuring timely network synchronization.

Ethereum and OP-Mango cross-chain communication

In this process, the sequencer is responsible for ordering, packaging, and submitting batch data for transactions in the Layer 2 network. Specifically, the sequencer sorts transactions received from users and nodes, packages them into batches, and submits them to Ethereum’s Layer 1 network. $MGO, the native token, is used as gas for batch submissions. Simultaneously, the sequencer performs assertion operations, submitting state updates and transaction records in bulk to Layer 1 validators, ensuring that the OP-Mango network’s state remains consistent with Ethereum’s.

The distinguishing feature of OP-Mango is its cross-chain communication contract, which enables close interaction and settlement with the MoveVM in the Mango Network. This design allows the Layer 2 network not only to support EVM but also to interact with MoveVM smart contracts, achieving cross-chain interoperability. In the architecture, the sequencer captures events from either the EVM or MoveVM, translates them into cross-chain calls, and triggers the execution of contracts in the other virtual machine. Through this cross-VM sequencer, OP-Mango enables contract interoperability in different virtual machine environments, achieving secure settlement and data synchronization between the EVM and MoveVM. MoveVM focuses on security and programmability, offering a more flexible contract execution environment that complements the EVM layer. This design allows developers to leverage the strengths of both virtual machines.

Technological Drive: Architectural Advantages and Market Positioning

Within Mango Network, the security features of MoveVM are fully harnessed. Designed to minimize security vulnerabilities and runtime errors, MoveVM’s static typing checking and modular programming approach enhance safety. Furthermore, the multi-VM architecture brings higher flexibility and scalability to the network, allowing developers to freely deploy and execute smart contracts across different virtual machines, promoting cross-chain communication and asset interoperability.

Mango Network, as the first to integrate MoveVM within a multi-VM execution environment, seamlessly combines MoveVM’s robust asset management security with the scalability of multi-VM systems. This integration not only ensures asset security but also resolves liquidity fragmentation within the Move ecosystem, effectively bridging the gap with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) ecosystem. Through this innovative approach, Mango Network achieves a harmonious balance of asset security and liquidity, establishing a robust technical foundation for developing a comprehensive omnichain transaction infrastructure.

• Mango Network official

• Web：https://mangonet.io

• X：https://twitter.com/MangoOS_Network

• Mail：BD@mangonet.io

• Telegram：https://t.me/MangoNetwork

• Discord：https://discord.com/invite/mangonetwork

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• Mango Network Dve

• Blockchain Browser: https://mgoscan.com

• Github：https://github.com/MangoNet-Labs

• Developer Documentation: https://docs.mangonet.io